Forgiveness and Luther's Ninety-five Theses El perdón y las noventa y cinco tesis de Lutero

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Teresa Maria Leal de Assunção Martinho Toldy
Rui Estrada
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2299-3504

Abstract

Parte sustancial del conflicto que ocurre en la Reforma deriva del hecho de que la Iglesia Católica, habiendo pervertido la concepción de perdón anunciada en el Nuevo Testamento, substituya a Dios por funcionarios poderosos que intermediaban la relación entre los humanos y la divinidad.


En la primera parte de este ensayo, discutiremos la idea de perdón y de misericordia a partir del Nuevo Testamento y las consecuencias que derivan de las mismas. ¿De qué forma esta apertura a la posibilidad de remisión, actitud tan diferente a la de los Dioses Griegos y del Antiguo Testamento, llevó, paradójicamente, a la desaparición de Dios ya la institucionalización y jerarquización de la Iglesia Católica. La segunda parte se ocupará de las 95 tesis de Lutero, enfatizando su concepción de perdón y de gracia y la discusión de la relación entre las obras y la fe, en un contraste crítico con predicaciones y prácticas centradas en el castigo por los pecados.


Abstract: The replacement of God by “officers” with the task of mediating the relationship between human beings and the divinity perverted the notion of forgiveness of the New Testament. Part of the conflict that led to the Reformation resulted from this issue.


The first part of this paper will debate the notions of forgiveness and mercy in the New Testament. We will focus in the disappearance of God and on the institutionalisation and growth of the hierarchical power in the Church, which paradoxically results from the possibility of remission – a New Testament perspective different from the vision of the Greek Gods and from God of the Old Testament. The second part will deal with the Ninety-five theses of Luther, emphasising his vision of forgiveness and grace and the debate on the link between deeds and faith – a viewpoint that represented a critical contrast with the sermons and practices focused on the punishment for the sins.

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Leal de Assunção Martinho Toldy, T. M. and Estrada, R. (2020) “Forgiveness and Luther’s Ninety-five Theses: El perdón y las noventa y cinco tesis de Lutero”, Carthaginensia, 36(69), pp. 45–60. Available at: https://revistacarthaginensia.com/CARTHAGINENSIA/article/view/121 (Accessed: 2 April 2025).
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Author Biography

Rui Estrada, Universidade Fernando Pessoa

Rui Estrada: Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349. 4249-004 – PORTO. PhD in Theory of Literature from the Faculty of Arts (Lisbon). Full Professor at University Fernando Pessoa. Researcher at CITCEM (Faculty of Arts – Oporto University). Pen Club Prize in 2002.

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