Emergencia y causalidad en biología. Novedad ontológica y nuevas formas causales en el estudio de la vida como realidad emergente. Emergence and causation in biology. Ontological novelty and new causal forms in the study of life as an emergent reality.
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Abstract
En este trabajo se defiende una visión del mundo caracterizada por la estructuración en niveles de complejidad y la aparición de nuevas formas de realidad con unas leyes y relaciones causales no predecibles desde los niveles inferiores. Esta visión viene explicada por el término emergencia. La emergencia, desde nuestro punto de vista, viene caracterizada por una concepción monista de la realidad, la aparición de novedad ontológica y causal y -desde la aparición de los seres vivos- la presencia de finalidad. Estudiando la realidad emergente de la vida desde estos tres puntos de vista, se puede hacer una reflexión más general sobre la emergencia: sólo desde una visión holística podemos entender realmente la realidad. Descubrimos cómo el todo ejerce una causalidad descendente sobre las partes convirtiéndose en verdadero motor eficiente que impulsa al sistema.
Abstract: In this paper a vision of the world characterized by structuring in levels of complexity and the emergence of new forms of reality with laws and causal relationships not predictable from the lower levels is defended. This vision is explained by the term emergence. Emergence, from our point of view, is characterized by a monistic conception of reality, the appearance of ontological and causal novelty and - from the appearance of living beings -the presence of purpose. By studying the emerging reality of life from these three points of view, a more general reflection on the emergence can be made: only from a holistic vision can we really understand reality. We discover how the whole exerts a downward causation on the parts becoming a true efficient motor that drives the system.
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